External and internal checks¶

External checks¶

In order: overturning, sliding, bearing capacity (Hansen with load inclination factors). Each card shows the FS of the governing combination in large type and, below it, the FS of every combination with the governing badge; the strip at the top declares the name and the factors of each combination.

Overturning: moments about the downhill toe; FS = M_s/M_r. In the seismic combination the seismic coefficient is increased by 50% (NTC §7.11.6.2.1).
Sliding: resistance W·tanφ_f on the foundation plane against the thrust.
Bearing capacity: Hansen q_lim against the vertical load.

External check cards with the FS of the governing combination

Internal checks¶

For every reinforcement level: pullout (the effective length is the portion beyond the failure wedge) and rupture (R_d against the action). In the Design approach the required length is derived level by level; in Check the imposed length is verified. If a level falls entirely inside the wedge the program reports it.

The overall verdict ("All checks are satisfied") requires FS ≥ 1 on external and internal checks, plus global stability and the tieback/compound checks when they are computed.

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